Middle East Space Roundup: 16 to 22 December 2024
A summary of all the space news in the Greater Middle East over the past week, brought to you by AzurX
The Middle East Space Monitor is taking a Christmas break and we wish our readers who celebrate it a Merry Christmas, and ALL of our readers a Happy New Year and a healthy, peaceful, and prosperous 2025! The next issue of the Middle East Space Monitor will be published on 6 January 2025.
The following are the major space developments in the Greater Middle East region tracked by Middle East Space Monitor over the past week:
UAE Space Developments
Space42 Secures $5.1 Billion UAE Government Contract for Multi-Year SATCOM Services
Space42, the UAE-based AI-enabled space technology company, has secured a significant Dh18.7 billion ($5.1 billion) contract with the UAE Government to provide secure communication services for the next 17 years, from 2026 to 2043. This agreement strengthens Space42's financial position, contributing to a backlog of Dh26 billion ($7.08 billion) in contracted revenues, which ensures long-term cash flow visibility. The contract includes satellite capacity and services using the Al Yah-1 and Al Yah-2 satellites, complemented by the launch of two new advanced satellites, Al Yah-4 and Al Yah-5, in 2027 and 2028. The deal consolidates operations, maintenance, and technology management services, previously covered under separate agreements, and provides Dh3.7 billion ($1.01 billion) in advanced payments for satellite construction. The new satellites, being developed by Airbus and launched by SpaceX, will enhance secure governmental communications across the Middle East, Africa, Europe, and Asia, supporting the UAE's evolving satellite technology needs with advanced capabilities and reliable services.
UAE’s Supreme Space Council Meets for First Time
The UAE is set to launch two significant satellites, Thuraya-4 in December 2024 and MBZ-SAT in January 2025, as part of the country's expanding space sector. The announcements were made during the first meeting of the Supreme Space Council, chaired by Sheikh Hamdan bin Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Crown Prince of Dubai. Thuraya-4, owned by Space42, will enhance satellite communications across multiple sectors, while MBZ-SAT, developed by the Mohammed Bin Rashid Space Centre (MBRSC), will provide high-resolution Earth observation for commercial use. The UAE's space sector has seen impressive growth, with a 14.8% rise in R&D spending and a 29% annual increase in the number of space companies, 44.3% of which are funded by the private sector. Sheikh Hamdan emphasised the country's commitment to space exploration, citing ongoing projects focused on the Moon, Mars, and the asteroid belt. The UAE's space initiatives are supported by a growing workforce and a robust public-private partnership model, fostering innovation and strengthening the competitiveness of the sector. Moreover, the UAE's space sector has experienced significant growth, with investments totaling Dh40 billion ($10.89 billion) in recent years, marking a transformative phase in the country's space ambitions.
UAE’s Obaid Al Suwaidi Completes 45-Day NASA HERA Mars Analog Mission
Obaid Al Suwaidi of the UAE has successfully completed his participation in NASA’s Human Exploration Research Analog (HERA) Campaign 7 Mission, a 45-day analog study focused on the challenges of long-term space travel, specifically related to Mars missions. Al Suwaidi, along with his fellow participants, engaged in various activities, including a simulated Mars walk using virtual reality and tasks such as vegetable cultivation and shrimp farming. The study primarily aimed to assess the psychological and physiological effects of isolation on crew performance and well-being. Throughout the mission, Al Suwaidi conducted 18 scientific experiments, six of which were developed in collaboration with Emirati universities. This study is part of a broader research effort, with previous phases completed earlier in 2024, to explore human adaptability in space environments and inform future missions.
UAE’s DEWA Reports Data Transmissions Rates of DEWA-SAT 1
Dubai Electricity and Water Authority (DEWA) has reported that its nanosatellite, DEWA-SAT 1, has successfully transmitted 2,690 megabytes of data since its launch in January 2022, marking a significant step in the integration of satellite technology into its infrastructure. As part of DEWA's Space-D programme, DEWA-SAT 1 utilises LoRa (long-range, low-power) Internet of Things (IoT) communication technology to enable secure, real-time data transmission, enhancing the monitoring and management of electricity and water networks. The nanosatellite aids in asset monitoring, maintenance, and operational efficiency, providing critical data for remote substations, water pipelines, and weather conditions. DEWA is the first utility globally to use nanosatellites for network optimisation, contributing to cost reductions, improved asset performance, and workforce training. Additionally, DEWA's Space-D programme includes the successful launch of DEWA-SAT 2 in April 2023, with several research papers published to advance the use of direct-to-satellite communication for smart infrastructure.
Analysis: UAE Part of Nascent International Competition for Space Resources
Writing for The Red Team Analysis Society, Dr. Jean-Michel Valantin argues that the emerging international competition for space mining is not just about technological advancements but also a reflection of the geopolitical tensions shaping global power dynamics. Countries like Russia, China, and the UAE are leading the charge, with ambitions to mine the Moon and asteroids for critical resources essential to industries such as clean energy, AI, and military capabilities. This race is tied to the broader competition between the BRICS and Western powers, with countries aiming to establish strategic dominance in deep space. Space mining is seen as a new frontier for economic growth, national power projection, and geopolitical leverage, especially as Earth’s geological resources become increasingly strained. The push for space resources is also raising legal and political questions regarding the 1967 UN Outer Space Treaty, which emphasises the free and shared use of space, potentially leading to conflicts over resource appropriation. As countries develop the necessary technologies, including AI-driven robotics, to mine space, the future of space exploration and its economic and strategic implications will play a crucial role in shaping global power structures.
U.S. SAR Satellite Manufacturers Lobby U.S. Govt. to Export More Powerful SAR Payloads to Countries Like UAE
Intelligence Online reports that U.S. satellite companies are lobbying the outgoing Biden administration to loosen ITAR restrictions on the export of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite systems, and failing that, are hoping that the incoming Trump administration will heed industry calls. The U.S. State Department's proposed changes to space export regulations, particularly concerning SAR satellite systems, have drawn criticism from major American SAR firms like Umbra Space and Capella Space, both of which wish to export their SAR systems to new markets such as Japan and the UAE. These companies argue that while the proposals are a step in the right direction, they still fall short in allowing U.S. firms to remain competitive globally, especially compared to foreign companies like Finland's ICEYE. The new rules would increase the export threshold for SAR systems based on radio frequency bandwidth, raising it from 300 MHz to 500 MHz, but this is still far below the industry standard of 1,200 MHz, which offers much higher resolution and data quality. This discrepancy, combined with regulatory inconsistencies between different U.S. government agencies, limits the ability of U.S. companies to sell their advanced SAR systems while foreign competitors face fewer restrictions. Both companies are preparing formal responses to the proposal, advocating for a higher export threshold that aligns with current industry standards.
UAE-United States Space Cooperation: U.S. Officials Comfortable With UAE Entities’ Space Ties With China
Intelligence Online also reports that in recent years, multiple collaborations have been forged between UAE space organisations and the China National Space Administration (CNSA), raising concerns among some experts about the potential for unregulated technology transfer. Despite these concerns, U.S. officials have expressed confidence in the nature of these ties, indicating no immediate security risks. These growing partnerships highlight the expanding space cooperation between the UAE and China and with the United States, although the broader implications for international technology controls remain a subject of debate.
UAE: Tactical Report Incorrectly Claims that Leonardo is Sirb SAR Programme Frontrunner
The ever-unreliable Tactical Report writes that in November 2023, the UAE Space Agency and EDGE Group signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) to implement the Sirb programme, a constellation of three synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellites. EDGE will be responsible for securing necessary foreign partnerships to realise the project, with Tactical Report incorrectly claiming that early discussions were held with Leonardo, a leader in SAR technology. Tactical Report correctly claims that no accelerated agreements on Sirb have been reached to date, but it incorrectly claims that Leonardo remains a key potential partner. Domestically, EDGE has formed a consortium with Yahsat (now part of Space42) and Bayanat for satellite operations, data, and space applications. The Sirb project aims to enhance the UAE's remote sensing capabilities, providing high-resolution imagery for applications like climate monitoring and defence, with the first satellite, Sirb-1, scheduled for launch in late 2026. This initiative marks EDGE’s first significant space venture and underscores the UAE’s focus on developing local space technologies and infrastructure. The project also reflects the country's broader commitment to advancing its space sector and achieving national and commercial goals.
Türkiye Space News
Amazon Taps Türkiye’s Tezmaksan to Manufacture Satellite Components for its Kuiper Constellation
Amazon has partnered with Turkish precision machining company Tezmaksan to manufacture 1,500 satellite components in Türkiye, marking a significant move in the tech giant's plan to provide global internet coverage through its satellite constellation. Production will occur across multiple cities, including Sivas, Yozgat, Tokat, and Kayseri, with the first deliveries scheduled for the first quarter of 2025. Amazon’s decision to shift production from the U.S. and Mexico to Türkiye was driven by cost efficiency, local expertise in robotic systems, and a favorable production environment, particularly in light of supply chain issues in China and high costs in Mexico. Tezmaksan plans to expand its operations by building a second factory in Sivas, which is being developed into a regional hub for space and aerospace industries. This initiative aims to transform central Türkiye into a key manufacturing ecosystem for the space sector, similar to renowned global industrial hubs like Stuttgart and Detroit.
Somalia’s President Confirms Türkiye’s Plans to Build Spaceport
Türkiye is advancing its space ambitions by building a space launch launch facility in Somalia, confirmed by Somalia’s President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud. The strategic location of Somalia, near the equator, makes it ideal for rocket launches, enhancing the range and efficiency of space activities. The facility is a key part of Türkiye's broader space programme and long-range rocket testing efforts, aligning with its goal of joining the ranks of global space powers. The project, which is expected to generate jobs and revenue for Somalia, will support the country's post-conflict rebuilding. This initiative strengthens the growing strategic ties between Türkiye and Somalia, underpinned by a $6 billion investment in infrastructure and development. The collaboration follows years of increasing bilateral cooperation, including Türkiye’s military presence in Somalia and joint energy exploration ventures.
Türkiye Celebrates Role of its GÖKTÜRK Reconnaissance Satellites
Türkiye has made significant strides in space technology with its GÖKTÜRK satellite programme, which has enhanced both military and civilian capabilities. The GÖKTÜRK-1 and GÖKTÜRK-2 satellites are crucial assets, providing high-resolution imagery for defence, environmental monitoring, agriculture, and disaster management. Launched in 2012 and 2016 respectively, GÖKTÜRK-1 and GÖKTÜRK-2 offer impressive capabilities, including detailed analysis at 0.50-meter and 2.5-meter resolutions, respectively, and long mission durations enabled by advanced thermal and radiation control systems. These satellites have contributed to Türkiye’s technological independence and are integral to its space ambitions. Future plans include renewing and expanding the programme with upcoming satellites such as TURKSAT-6A, reinforcing Türkiye’s growing role in global space exploration and satellite communication.
Israel Space Developments
Israel’s Defence Ministry Spent $164.46 Million on Israeli Commercial Space Since October 2023
In response to the Swords of Iron war, Israel's defence ministry has significantly increased its collaboration with "Blue and White" start-ups, with contracts reaching NIS 601 million ($164.46 million) between October 2023 and September 2024, a five-fold increase from the previous year. This growth in partnerships enhances Israel's defence independence and strengthens its economy. The cooperation was highlighted at the Defense-Tech Summit, which brought together senior officials from the defense ministry, IDF, academia, and the start-up ecosystem. A key focus of the summit was the strategic importance of space in supporting Israel's defence capabilities. Avi Berger, Head of the Space Directorate at Maf'at, emphasised the critical role of satellite constellations in providing continuous intelligence across the Middle East, ensuring real-time access to key information for Israel’s defence operations. The expansion of space capabilities is seen as crucial for maintaining operational superiority across multiple fronts in the ongoing conflict.
Israel’s Elbit Systems Awarded $130 Million Contract to Provide SATCOM, Other Comms Solutions, to IDF
The Israeli Ministry of Defense's Directorate of Defense Research & Development (DDR&D) has finalised a series of agreements worth approximately $130 million with Elbit Systems for advanced communication systems to enhance the capabilities of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). The contracts cover the provision of software-defined radios (SDRs), satellite communication systems, data-links for autonomous platforms, and the expansion of regional maintenance centres. Over the past year, DDR&D, in collaboration with Elbit and the IDF, has developed secure, encrypted communication solutions tailored to the evolving operational needs of IDF units. These deals are part of a larger strategic initiative led by the IMOD to bolster Israel's manufacturing independence and expand local production, ensuring the IDF's readiness for current and future missions. Elbit Systems' advanced communication systems aim to provide the IDF with enhanced real-time situational awareness and operational superiority in complex battlefields, supporting the IDF's transition into a digital, multi-domain force.
Israel’s SpacePharma Secures €2 Million Funding for Space-Based Cancer Drug Production
Israel’s Space Pharma, a company specialising in microgravity laboratories for space-based research, has secured over €2 million ($2.09 million) in funding from the Horizon Europe programme to advance its cancer drug production system. With a potential total of €15 million ($15.65 million) in funding, Space Pharma aims to develop monoclonal antibodies for cancer treatment, including skin cancer, by leveraging the unique conditions of space to crystallise the antibodies into three-dimensional structures. This innovative approach allows for smaller, more stable doses that do not require refrigeration, reducing production and transportation costs. Preliminary tests aboard the International Space Station (ISS) have already yielded promising results, and Space Pharma plans to scale up its production system to manufacture large quantities of crystalline antibodies, with plans for U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval within three years. The company is also advancing several other space-based pharmaceutical projects in collaboration with major European pharmaceutical companies.
Saudi Arabia Space News
Saudi Arabia Becomes Future Space Thought Leader with C4IR and Center for Space Futures
Saudi Arabia is positioning itself as a leader in the global space sector with the launch of the Center for the Fourth Industrial Revolution (C4IR) in Riyadh, which includes the Center for Space Futures. This initiative, part of the Kingdom’s Vision 2030, focuses on driving innovation, sustainability, and collaboration in the space industry. C4IR aims to address key challenges such as space debris and sustainability, collaborating with global entities like the World Economic Forum (WEF). The centre will also play a pivotal role in advancing space applications that benefit sectors like energy, disaster management, and minerals, enhancing efficiency and resilience. By fostering public-private partnerships, Saudi Arabia aims to lead in space exploration and technology development, with a particular emphasis on satellite sustainability, deorbiting technologies, and space traffic management. The Kingdom’s strategic investments in space infrastructure, entrepreneurial ecosystems, and international collaborations position it to be a key global player in the space economy.
Saudi Arabia Making Significant Investments in Low-Earth Orbit Capabilities
Saudi Arabia is making significant advancements in the low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite sector as part of its Vision 2030 to diversify its economy and enhance technological capabilities. Key developments include the formation of the Neo Space Group (NSG) by the Public Investment Fund (PIF) in May 2024, aiming to lead the national satellite industry in satellite communications, Earth observation, navigation, and Internet of Things (IoT). The country has also secured strategic partnerships, such as Tonomus' collaboration with STC Group to provide high-speed broadband across Saudi Arabia via LEO satellite capacity. Additionally, Saudi Arabia is attracting substantial foreign investment, including a SAR 1 billion ($270 million) commitment from ASPACE for satellite manufacturing facilities. NSG's acquisition of Airbus's geospatial platform UP42 in December 2024 further strengthens its Earth observation capabilities. Collaborations like Eutelsat OneWeb's satellite network portal in Tabuk also support regional digital transformation. These efforts reflect Saudi Arabia's ambition to become a global leader in the space sector, driving economic diversification and technological innovation.
Iran Space Developments
Report: Iran’s Saman-1 Orbital Transfer Vehicle Passes On-Orbit Tests
Iran has made a significant milestone in its space programme with the successful deployment and testing of the Saman-1 orbital transfer vehicle, a key component designed to move satellites between different orbits. Launched aboard the Simorgh satellite launch vehicle, the Saman-1 achieved an elliptical orbit with an apogee of 410 kilometers and a perigee of 300 kilometers. The testing, which included assessments of orbital communications, attitude control, and the cold gas propulsion system, was deemed successful. Notably, the vehicle maintained regular communications, demonstrated effective attitude control, and tested thermal stability and system performance. Additionally, the separation of a dummy satellite and mass model was successfully monitored, marking another achievement in Iran's space capabilities. The Saman-1's performance underscores the growing sophistication of Iran's space infrastructure and its ability to deploy complex space components.
Starlink’s Increasing Role in Circumventing Internet Censorship in Iran
In Forbes, journalist Cyrus Farivar writes that amidst increasing censorship and government control over internet access in Iran, the use of Starlink terminals has surged, offering citizens uncensored, high-speed internet despite the risks involved. Although Starlink's service is banned in the country, it has become a tool for bypassing government restrictions, particularly in the wake of mass protests and internet shutdowns. The terminals are smuggled into Iran, often sold at inflated prices ranging from $700 to $2,000, and are becoming increasingly accessible due to grassroots efforts by activists. These terminals offer Iranians not only improved internet speeds but also a way to circumvent government monitoring, which has been crucial for organising against the regime. For many, the opportunity to access uncensored information is seen as a pivotal step in resisting the digital oppression imposed by the government, much like the role Radio Free Europe played in the past. Despite the high costs and logistical challenges, the demand for Starlink is growing, and it has become a symbol of both technological empowerment and defiance in Iran.
Other Regional Space News
SpaceX Launches Djibouti’s Djibouti-1B Earth Observation Nanosatellite
On 21 December 2024, Djibouti marked a significant milestone in its space programme with the successful launch of its second nanosatellite, Djibouti-1B. Developed in collaboration with the Space Center of the University of Montpellier and launched via Exolaunch on a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket, this achievement highlights Djibouti's growing commitment to technological progress and sustainable development. Djibouti-1B, part of the Hydrosat initiative, will enhance climate monitoring by tracking water resource availability and assessing drought-affected areas, providing crucial data for water management and climate change mitigation. The launch brings Africa's total satellite count to 62, with Djibouti joining 9 other African countries actively using Earth observation satellites to tackle regional challenges such as climate monitoring, agriculture, and disaster preparedness. This accomplishment underscores Djibouti's dedication to advancing space research and innovation in Africa.
Russia Expects Egypt, Iran, and the UAE to Participate in BRICS Space Projects
The BRICS group of countries, which includes Egypt, Iran, and the UAE, expects its new members to play an active role in space exploration and research, particularly through participation in projects like the Earth remote sensing satellite constellation, which was established several years ago. According to Russian Deputy Foreign Minister Sergey Ryabkov, the initiative has proven successful, with the satellite products being in high demand and actively utilised. As BRICS continues to expand, the integration of new members into this framework is progressing, with expectations for increased momentum under Brazil's presidency next year. This growing collaboration highlights the group's commitment to advancing space technologies and fostering international cooperation in space exploration.
Bahrain’s Deputy King Decrees Structural Changes to NSSA Governance
Bahrain's Deputy King, Prince Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa, has issued Decree (111) of 2024, amending provisions of the National Space Science Agency’s (NSSA) founding decree (11) of 2014. The decree introduces significant structural changes, including the expansion of the Agency’s Board of Directors to seven members, with expertise in space science, appointed by Royal Order upon the proposal of the Supreme Defence Council’s Secretary-General. The term for board members is set at four years, renewable for subsequent terms. Additionally, the NSSA will now have a Chief Executive, also appointed by Royal Order, with responsibilities defined by the Agency’s regulations. The decree aims to enhance the governance and operational efficiency of Bahrain’s space science initiatives and takes effect immediately upon publication in the Official Gazette.
Chairman of Azerbaijan’s Azercosmos Emphasises Importance of Space Medicine
Samaddin Asadov, Chairman of Azerbaijan's state space corporation Azercosmos, highlighted the anticipated surge in space travel over the next decade during the launch of the "Fundamentals of Space Medicine" training programme. Asadov noted that the rapid advancements in space technology will lead to a significant increase in the number of people traveling to space, including both astronauts and space tourists. He emphasised the growing importance of space medicine, which is integral to ensuring the health and safety of individuals in space. Furthermore, Asadov pointed out that medical solutions developed for space missions have had wide-reaching applications in healthcare, underscoring the critical intersection of space research and medicine.
Qatar Airways Rapidly Rolls Out Starlink SATCOM Across its Fleet
Qatar Airways is leading the way in onboard connectivity with the rollout of ultra-high-speed Starlink Wi-Fi across its fleet, surpassing its initial target of 14 aircraft by the end of 2024. The airline now has 16 aircraft equipped with the technology, with plans for full integration by next year. Starlink's satellite-based Low Earth Orbit (LEO) technology offers faster speeds, lower latency, and more reliable connections than traditional satellite or air-to-ground systems, enabling passengers to stream, game, and video call while in the air. This service is provided free of charge to all passengers, regardless of class, marking a shift from the typical paid Wi-Fi models used by most airlines. Qatar Airways’ initiative is part of its 2.0 Vision for innovation and digitalisation, positioning it ahead of regional competitors. Other airlines, including Hawaiian Airlines and JSX, have also begun adopting Starlink, recognising the growing demand for robust in-flight internet. With global carriers such as Air France and Delta considering Starlink, this technology is set to revolutionise the onboard experience, making fast, reliable internet a standard expectation for travelers worldwide.
Armenia’s Adoption of Starlink Set to Radically Change the Country
Armenia is accelerating its digital transformation with the integration of Starlink, the satellite internet service provided by SpaceX. Following the Armenian government's collaboration with SpaceX, Starlink has passed regulatory milestones, with the service entering its testing phase and an expected operational launch earlier than the initially projected 2025. This development is especially significant for rural regions, where geographic challenges have hindered reliable internet access. Starlink’s satellite service will provide high-speed connectivity to remote communities, enhancing opportunities in education, telemedicine, and digital commerce. Moreover, Starlink offers Armenia increased independence in its digital infrastructure, reducing reliance on neighbouring Azerbaijan, especially during conflicts. The arrival of Starlink marks a pivotal step in Armenia's ambition to position itself as a technology-driven economy. However, it also occurs amidst increasing global competition, as the European Union launches its own satellite constellation, Iris², to rival Starlink's dominance in satellite internet. With its strategic, technological, and geopolitical potential, Starlink’s presence in Armenia could reshape regional dynamics and set a precedent for digital sovereignty in the Caucasus.
New Report: Ballistic-Missile Proliferation and the Rise of Middle Eastern Space Programmes
John B. Sheldon, editor of Middle East Space Monitor, has written a Research Paper for the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) and the Missile Dialogue Initiative where he writes that the Middle East is witnessing a dual proliferation of ballistic missile capabilities and space technologies, with both state and non-state actors enhancing their missile forces and advancing their space ambitions. Over the past several years, several regional countries have developed space-launch vehicles (SLVs) and established spaceports, while also increasing the adoption of satellite systems for military applications, such as intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR). This trend poses significant risks, particularly the potential for ballistic missiles to be converted into direct-ascent anti-satellite (DA-ASAT) weapons, threatening regional security. Although international export-control regimes have traditionally helped curb missile proliferation, their effectiveness in the region is waning due to technological advancements and shifting geopolitical dynamics. Nevertheless, the growing interest in space offers new opportunities for dialogue and cooperation. Future policies should focus on fostering legitimate space activities, promoting regional cooperation, and strengthening monitoring mechanisms to ensure space security and prevent the misuse of space technologies for military purposes.
Regional Space Developments in Brief:
Egypt and China reviewed their extensive strategic relationship, including their space cooperation;
Azerbaijan’s Azercosmos issues tender for software license procurement.
Be sure to catch up with space activities in the region in the next edition of Middle East Space Monitor’s space roundup!